What Kind of Authority Did Syracuse Have Under Hiero II?

During the reign of Hiero II (270–215 BCE), Syracuse was a strong and independent Hellenistic kingdom located in eastern Sicily. While it wasn’t formally called an empire, Hiero held considerable power and influence in the region. His capital, Syracuse, was the largest and richest Greek city on the island. He ruled over the southeastern part of Sicily, especially the areas around the capital, and his influence reached far into the interior of the island.

Hiero II maintained his authority through military strength and clever political alliances. Around 265 BCE, during the conflict with the Mamertines (a group of mercenaries who had seized control of Messina), Hiero’s power didn’t yet extend over all of Sicily, but he was still an important and influential ruler. At first, he was in contact with Carthage, but as tensions rose, he made a crucial decision to ally with Rome instead. This move proved wise: in exchange for his loyalty, Rome recognized him as king and supported his rule.

The alliance with Rome became a long-lasting one. Hiero II remained a faithful Roman ally throughout his life. Most notably, when Hannibal invaded Italy during the Second Punic War, Hiero did not join Carthage, even though many others in the region did.

In short, Hiero II ruled a strong and independent kingdom centered in Syracuse. His authority stretched across southeastern Sicily, and by forming a stable alliance with Rome, he secured both his own position and the safety of his city during one of the most dangerous periods in Sicilian history.